Swap space is harddisk space that extends system RAM.
Swap space or virtual memory is hard disk space that acts as an extension of system RAM. Of course, due to the relative differential in data access on RAM versus hard disk, we prefer not to use swap space if it can be avoided. Nonetheless, it is vital to the proper functioning of a typical Linux system that some swap space be made available.
The primary reasons for password protecting a Linux boot loader are as follows:
Preventing Access to Single User Mode
— If attackers can boot the system into single user mode, they are
logged in automatically as root without being prompted for the root
password.
Suppose you want to get into a Linux system. You know nothing about the existing user's or their passwords. You have no idea about these things. Then what will you do??
The only thing you know that the user root exists. So we must find a way to get the root's password.
The RHCSA (RedHat Certified System Administrator) exam is a hands-on, practical exam that lasts 2.5 hours. The exam is performance-based, meaning that candidates must perform tasks on a live system, rather than answering multiple choice questions.
The RHCE (RedHat Certified Engineer) exam is a hands-on, practical exam that lasts 2.0 hours. Candidates are eligible to take the RHCE exam without first having passed the RHCSA exam, but RHCE will not be issued until both credentials are earned by a candidate.